A random thought occurred to me while thinking about the ethics of technology and population growth: applying utilitarianism for all who existed and will exist provides an ethical imperative for progress.
Let's start with the utilitarian premise that what's good is creating the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers. From here, let's say that "greatest numbers" refers not only to numbers alive today, but numbers alive at all times previous and at all times to come.
With this premise, we are forced to focus on the happiness of those alive today and those to come, as we cannot change (as far as we know) the happiness of those in the past.
Since this will (likely) always be the case, we're forced to conclude that:
- As long as there are more people alive in the present than in the past, increasing their happiness is imperative because it balances out the misery that preceded in earlier generations.
- As long as people's happiness can be sustained or increased, increasing their numbers is imperative because it will provide more happiness when balanced out against earlier generations.
- If happiness can be increased indefinitely, all future generations will be happier than present generations, hence increasing future happiness and population sizes is imperative to balance out the relative misery we experience today.
Now, these are, of course, very rough thoughts. But I thought I'd put them out there.